1גר נימול לעולם לח׳ הא כיצד עד שלא טבלה אמו נולד בן נימול בן יומו משטבלה אמו נולד נמול לח׳:
There is a proselyte who is circumcised at eight days old1So MS.K. and H. V wrongly, ‘a proselyte is always circumcised at eight days old’.. How is this? If he was born before his mother [who became a convert] underwent immersion he is circumcised at a day old,2i.e. he is made a proselyte at the earliest moment. but if after his mother underwent immersion at eight days old.3Like a child of a Jewish mother.
2גר שנתגייר מהול או ספק שנולד מהול צריך להטיף ממנו דם ברית כדברי ב"ש ובה"א א"צ:
If a proselyte was already circumcised, or if a child was born circumcised, it is necessary to draw from him blood of the covenant,4A slight incision is made to draw a drop of blood. according to Beth Shammai; but Beth Hillel say that it is not necessary.
3א"ר מתיא בן חרש משום ר"ש לא נחלקו ב"ש וב"ה על גר שנתגייר מהול ועל תינוק שנולד מהול על מה נחלקו על תינוק שנולד מהול ביום השבת שבש"א דוחין עליו את השבת להטיף ממנו דם ברית ובה"א א"צ:
R. Mathia b. Ḥeresh said in the name of R. Ishmael:5So MS.K. and H. V has ‘Samuel’. Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel did not differ on the question of a proselyte who was already circumcised or a child who was born circumcised. On what did they differ? On a child who was born circumcised on the Sabbath. Beth Shammai said: We override the Sabbath on his account to draw from him blood of the covenant, and Beth Hillel said that this is not necessary.6To set the Sabbath aside, and the blood should be drawn on another day. Both Schools agreed that it was necessary to draw the blood of the covenant.
4עבד שטבל לפני רבו הרי הוא בן חורין מעשה בברוריא המלכה שטבלו מקצת עבדיה לפניה ומקצת עבדיה לאחריה. ובא מעשה לפני חכמים ואמרו אלו שטבלו לפניה בני חורין ולאחריה משועבדין:
If a slave underwent immersion before his master7A Gentile who was being made a convert. he becomes free. It is related of Queen Valeria8[In Yeb. 46a (Sonc. ed., p. 299) ‘Queen’ is omitted. R.H. 17b (Sonc. ed., p. 70) mentions ‘Valeria the proselyte’.] Some of her slaves became Jewesses while she was still a heathen. that some of her slaves underwent immersion before her and some after her, and when the case came before the Sages they said that they who underwent immersion before her were free, but they who underwent immersion after her were still enslaved.
5כשם שישראל נכנסין לברית בג׳ מצות כך גרים נכנסין למילה ולטבילה ולקרבן ב׳ מעכבין וא׳ אינו מעכב רא"א גר שנתגייר צריך שיפריש רביעית לקנו רש"א א"צ:
Just as Israel were initiated into the covenant by three precepts, so proselytes are initiated by circumcision, immersion and a sacrifice. [The omission of] the first two debars him [from becoming a proselyte], but [the omission of] the third does not debar him. R. Eliezer [b. Jacob] said: The omission of the sacrifice is also a bar.9Omitted by V but added by MS.K. and H. Cf. Kerith. 9a (Sonc. ed., p. 66). This was the ruling of R. Eliezer b. Jacob: A proselyte who becomes a convert is required to set aside a fourth part [of a dinar] for his sacrifice of birds;10To be offered when the Temple will be rebuilt; Kerith. loc. cit. (Sonc. ed., p. 67, n. 12). but R. Simeon says that he is not required to do so.
6נפרעין מן הגרים כדברי ר׳ יוסי ר׳ יהודה אומר אין נפרעין ממנו אלא הרי הוא כבן יומו:
Proselytes are punished [for their sins before conversion] in the opinion of R. Jose; R. Judah said: He is not punished [61a] but is like a new-born child.
7א"ר חנינא בר גמליאל מפני מה גרים מעונין מפני שהם מחשיבין קודם לשנה וקודם לשתים שאגבה את חובי ואעשה את צרכי אלו ממון הן כדבריך אלא שהם קוברים בנים ובני בנים וחלאים רעים ויסורין באין עליהם מפני מה מעונים מפני ז׳ מצות שנצטוו עליהם בני נח:
R. Ḥanina b. Gamaliel said: Why are proselytes afflicted?11By God. Because they calculate a year before or two years before [their conversion], saying, [‘I shall become a proselyte] when I have collected my debts and when I have finished what I have to do’. R. Jose said to him,12‘R. Jose … him’ added by MS.K. and H. ‘If they were to lose money [only as a punishment] you would be right; but they [sometimes] bury their children and grandchildren and sore diseases and chastisements befall them. Why are they afflicted? Because of their [transgression13While they were still Gentiles. of] the seven commandments which were given to the descendants of Noah’.14[The practice of equity, and prohibitions against blasphemy, idolatry, immorality, bloodshed, robbery and eating a limb torn from a live animal; Sanh. 56a (Sonc. ed., pp. 381f.).]
